Background Note for Human Development Report 2010
نویسنده
چکیده
Introduction The Human Development Index (HDI) has been a politically and rhetorically powerful counter-point to measures of “development” that focus exclusively on economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product per capita or household consumption expenditures. However, the relevance of the HDI is increasingly challenged by success. For instance by pitching the education component of the HDI at a very low level (literacy and gross enrollment), both of which have an upper bound, as more and more countries attain near 100 percent literacy and 100 percent gross enrollment of the young the education component ceases to contribute to progress in the HDI. For countries above the low educational thresholds this implies that more progress in education either in quantity or quality (e.g. expanding tertiary enrollment, improving quality of learning outcomes in primary school) does not raise the HDI while increases in GDP per capita do raise the HDI. Paradoxically, a measure that was intended to promote the importance of non-economic dimensions of human well-being actually has its cross-national variability driven increasingly by GDP per capita.
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